The International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) latest high case projection for nuclear power capacity in 2050 sees a 150% increase from current levels to 992 gigawatts. This reflects decisions around the world supporting the long-term operation (LTO) of existing reactors, new construction of large nuclear power plants (NPPs), and the development and deployment of small modular reactors (SMRs).

As of June 2025, the average age of global operational nuclear power reactors is about 32 years, with over 67% of the total operating units being more than 30 years old. Approximately 38% of operating units are over 40 years old, and 9% are over 50 years old. To meet decarbonization and energy security goals, LTO of nuclear power plants has become a top priority for many nuclear power fleets.

In recent years, international organizations and countries have initiated various projects on LTO beyond 60 years to identify technical gaps and seek innovative solutions to support LTO.

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